Interventions

This page provides an overview of interventions implemented in MultiMalModPy, with a focus on case management in the initial release.

Details on their function and implementation can be found in the framework’s API under the intervention.py script for each model.

⚠️ NOTE: For the most up-to-date and detailed information, please refer to the official documentation of each supported model.

Note: Interventions except for case management are not included in the initial release but will be added in future versions.

Case Management

Each model simulates case management differently and defines a malaria case in its own way.

🚩 Alignment in MultiMalModPy
Box is checked if aligned

Feature Aligned? Notes
Mode of action ✗ Varies significantly between models and cannot be standardized.
Case definition ✗ Default case definitions are preserved for each model.
Drug used ✔ All models use ACT as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria.
Coverage ✔ Implemented as 14-day coverage across all models.
Target population ✔ Whole population treated equally (no age-specific targeting).
Resistance ✔ Drug resistance not included in this release.
Deployment time & duration ✔ Intervention begins at start of simulation and remains constant.

EMOD

Treatment_seeking 
``` 
def add_treatment_seeking(campaign,
                          start_day: int = 1,
                          targets: list = None,
                          drug: list = None,
                          node_ids: list = None,
                          ind_property_restrictions: list = None,
                          drug_ineligibility_duration: float = 0,
                          duration: int = -1,
                          broadcast_event_name: str = 'Received_Treatment'):
    camp_events = _get_events(campaign=campaign, start_day=start_day, targets=targets, drug=drug, node_ids=node_ids,
                              ind_property_restrictions=ind_property_restrictions,
                              drug_ineligibility_duration=drug_ineligibility_duration, duration=duration,
                              broadcast_event_name=broadcast_event_name)
    for event in camp_events:
        campaign.add(event)
```

```

targets is a list of dictionaries defining the trigger event and coverage for and properties of individuals to target with the intervention with all possible options being: [{“trigger”:”NewClinicalCase”,”coverage”:0.8,”agemin”:15,”agemax”:70, “rate”:0.3}] “rate” is the inverse of the average delay in time to treatment seeking from an exponential distribution “trigger” must be defined, but everything else has defaults: coverage = 1, affects all agemin/agemax = 0/125, affects all rate = 0, no delay, seek treatment immediately ```

??? json snippet (example)

    ```json

    {
      "class": "CampaignEvent",
      "Event_Coordinator_Config": {
        "class": "StandardInterventionDistributionEventCoordinator",
        "Demographic_Coverage": 1,
        "Individual_Selection_Type": "DEMOGRAPHIC_COVERAGE",
        "Intervention_Config": {
          "class": "NodeLevelHealthTriggeredIV",
          "Actual_IndividualIntervention_Config": {
            "class": "DelayedIntervention",
            "Actual_IndividualIntervention_Configs": [
              {
                "class": "AntimalarialDrug",
                "Cost_To_Consumer": 0,
                "Disqualifying_Properties": [],
                "Dont_Allow_Duplicates": 0,
                "Drug_Type": "Artemether",
                "Intervention_Name": "AntimalarialDrug_Artemether",
                "New_Property_Value": ""
              },
              {
                "class": "AntimalarialDrug",
                "Cost_To_Consumer": 0,
                "Disqualifying_Properties": [],
                "Dont_Allow_Duplicates": 0,
                "Drug_Type": "Lumefantrine",
                "Intervention_Name": "AntimalarialDrug_Lumefantrine",
                "New_Property_Value": ""
              },
              {
                "class": "BroadcastEvent",
                "Broadcast_Event": "Received_Treatment",
                "Disqualifying_Properties": [],
                "Dont_Allow_Duplicates": 0,
                "Intervention_Name": "BroadcastEvent",
                "New_Property_Value": ""
              }
            ],
            "Coverage": 1,
            "Delay_Period_Distribution": "EXPONENTIAL_DISTRIBUTION",
            "Delay_Period_Exponential": 3.3333333333333335,
            "Disqualifying_Properties": [],
            "Dont_Allow_Duplicates": 0,
            "Intervention_Name": "DelayedIntervention",
            "New_Property_Value": ""
          },
          "Blackout_Event_Trigger": "",
          "Blackout_On_First_Occurrence": 0,
          "Blackout_Period": 0,
          "Demographic_Coverage": 0.0,
          "Disqualifying_Properties": [],
          "Distribute_On_Return_Home": 0,
          "Dont_Allow_Duplicates": 0,
          "Duration": -1,
          "Intervention_Name": "NodeLevelHealthTriggeredIV",
          "New_Property_Value": "",
          "Node_Property_Restrictions": [],
          "Property_Restrictions": [],
          "Target_Age_Max": 115,
          "Target_Age_Min": 0,
          "Target_Demographic": "ExplicitAgeRanges",
          "Target_Gender": "All",
          "Target_Residents_Only": 0,
          "Targeting_Config": {
            "HasIP": {},
            "HasIntervention": {},
            "IsPregnant": {},
            "TargetingLogic": {}
          },
          "Trigger_Condition_List": [
            "NewClinicalCase"
          ]
        },
        "Node_Property_Restrictions": [],
        "Number_Repetitions": 1,
        "Property_Restrictions": [],
        "Property_Restrictions_Within_Node": [],
        "Target_Demographic": "Everyone",
        "Target_Gender": "All",
        "Target_Residents_Only": 0,
        "Targeting_Config": {
          "HasIP": {},
          "HasIntervention": {},
          "IsPregnant": {},
          "TargetingLogic": {}
        },
        "Timesteps_Between_Repetitions": -1
      },
      "Nodeset_Config": {
        "class": "NodeSetAll"
      },
      "Start_Day": 1
    }

    ```


malariasimulation

Set_clinical_treatment 
```R
set_clinical_treatment <- function(parameters, drug, timesteps, coverages) {
  stopifnot(all(coverages >= 0) && all(coverages <= 1))
  n_drugs <- length(parameters$drug_efficacy)
  if (drug < 1 | drug > n_drugs) {
    stop('Drug index is invalid, please set drugs using set_drugs')
  }
  drug_index <- which(parameters$clinical_treatment_drugs == drug)
  if (length(drug_index) == 0) {
    drug_index <- length(parameters$clinical_treatment_drugs) + 1
  }
  parameters$clinical_treatment_drugs[[drug_index]] <- drug
  parameters$clinical_treatment_timesteps[[drug_index]] <- timesteps
  parameters$clinical_treatment_coverages[[drug_index]] <- coverages
  last_timestep <- max(unlist(parameters$clinical_treatment_timesteps))

  for (t in seq(last_timestep)) {
    if (sum(get_treatment_coverages(parameters, t)) > 1) {
      stop('The sum of drug coverages cannot be greater than 1 at any timestep')
    }
  }
  parameters
}
```


OpenMalaria

⚠️ NOTE: Multiple options for simulating 'case management' exist. Below is the implementation as used in MultiMalModPy.
Immediateoutcomes 
```XML

<ImmediateOutcomes name="example name">
    <drugRegimen firstLine="ACT" inpatient="QN" secondLine="ACT"/>
    <initialACR>
        <ACT value="1.0"/>
        <QN value="1.0"/>
        <selfTreatment value="0.0"/>
    </initialACR>
    <compliance>
        <ACT value="1.00"/>
        <selfTreatment value="1.0"/>
    </compliance>
    <nonCompliersEffective>
        <ACT value="0"/>
        <selfTreatment value="0"/>
    </nonCompliersEffective>
    <treatmentActions> <!-- only from schema 32 -->
        <ACT name="clear blood-stage infections">
            <clearInfections stage="blood" timesteps="1"/>
        </ACT>
        <QN name="clear blood-stage infections">
            <clearInfections stage="blood" timesteps="1"/>
        </QN>
    </treatmentActions>
    <pSeekOfficialCareUncomplicated1 value="0.04"/>
    <pSelfTreatUncomplicated value="0.0"/>
    <pSeekOfficialCareUncomplicated2 value="0.04"/>
    <pSeekOfficialCareSevere value="0.48"/>
</ImmediateOutcomes>

```