Interventions¶

This page provides an overview of interventions implemented in MultiMalModPy, with a focus on case management in the initial release.

Details on their function and implementation can be found in the framework’s API under the intervention.py script for each model.

Interventions except for case management are not included in the initial release but will be added in future versions.

Case Management¶

Each model simulates case management differently and defines a malaria case in its own way.

🚩 Alignment in MultiMalModPy
Box is checked if aligned

Details on their function and implementation can be found in the framework’s API under the intervention.py script for each model.

EMOD¶

• Documentation main page:malaria-model-antimalarial-drugs
• Function: treatment_seeking.py
• Related publications: Gerardin et al 2015
• Additional: malaria_drug_params.csv

```python

def add_treatment_seeking(campaign, start_day: int = 1, targets: list = None, drug: list = None, node_ids: list = None, ind_property_restrictions: list = None, drug_ineligibility_duration: float = 0, duration: int = -1, broadcast_event_name: str = ‘Received_Treatment’): camp_events = _get_events(campaign=campaign, start_day=start_day, targets=targets, drug=drug, node_ids=node_ids, ind_property_restrictions=ind_property_restrictions, drug_ineligibility_duration=drug_ineligibility_duration, duration=duration, broadcast_event_name=broadcast_event_name) for event in camp_events: campaign.add(event) ```

targets is a list of dictionaries defining the trigger event and coverage for and properties of individuals to target with the intervention with all possible options being: [{"trigger":"NewClinicalCase","coverage":0.8,"agemin":15,"agemax":70, "rate":0.3}] "rate" is the inverse of the average delay in time to treatment seeking from an exponential distribution "trigger" must be defined, but everything else has defaults: coverage = 1, affects all agemin/agemax = 0/125, affects all rate = 0, no delay, seek treatment immediately

??? json snippet (example)

```json

{ “class”: “CampaignEvent”, “Event_Coordinator_Config”: { “class”: “StandardInterventionDistributionEventCoordinator”, “Demographic_Coverage”: 1, “Individual_Selection_Type”: “DEMOGRAPHIC_COVERAGE”, “Intervention_Config”: { “class”: “NodeLevelHealthTriggeredIV”, “Actual_IndividualIntervention_Config”: { “class”: “DelayedIntervention”, “Actual_IndividualIntervention_Configs”: [ { “class”: “AntimalarialDrug”, “Cost_To_Consumer”: 0, “Disqualifying_Properties”: [], “Dont_Allow_Duplicates”: 0, “Drug_Type”: “Artemether”, “Intervention_Name”: “AntimalarialDrug_Artemether”, “New_Property_Value”: “” }, { “class”: “AntimalarialDrug”, “Cost_To_Consumer”: 0, “Disqualifying_Properties”: [], “Dont_Allow_Duplicates”: 0, “Drug_Type”: “Lumefantrine”, “Intervention_Name”: “AntimalarialDrug_Lumefantrine”, “New_Property_Value”: “” }, { “class”: “BroadcastEvent”, “Broadcast_Event”: “Received_Treatment”, “Disqualifying_Properties”: [], “Dont_Allow_Duplicates”: 0, “Intervention_Name”: “BroadcastEvent”, “New_Property_Value”: “” } ], “Coverage”: 1, “Delay_Period_Distribution”: “EXPONENTIAL_DISTRIBUTION”, “Delay_Period_Exponential”: 3.3333333333333335, “Disqualifying_Properties”: [], “Dont_Allow_Duplicates”: 0, “Intervention_Name”: “DelayedIntervention”, “New_Property_Value”: “” }, “Blackout_Event_Trigger”: “”, “Blackout_On_First_Occurrence”: 0, “Blackout_Period”: 0, “Demographic_Coverage”: 0.0, “Disqualifying_Properties”: [], “Distribute_On_Return_Home”: 0, “Dont_Allow_Duplicates”: 0, “Duration”: -1, “Intervention_Name”: “NodeLevelHealthTriggeredIV”, “New_Property_Value”: “”, “Node_Property_Restrictions”: [], “Property_Restrictions”: [], “Target_Age_Max”: 115, “Target_Age_Min”: 0, “Target_Demographic”: “ExplicitAgeRanges”, “Target_Gender”: “All”, “Target_Residents_Only”: 0, “Targeting_Config”: { “HasIP”: {}, “HasIntervention”: {}, “IsPregnant”: {}, “TargetingLogic”: {} }, “Trigger_Condition_List”: [ “NewClinicalCase” ] }, “Node_Property_Restrictions”: [], “Number_Repetitions”: 1, “Property_Restrictions”: [], “Property_Restrictions_Within_Node”: [], “Target_Demographic”: “Everyone”, “Target_Gender”: “All”, “Target_Residents_Only”: 0, “Targeting_Config”: { “HasIP”: {}, “HasIntervention”: {}, “IsPregnant”: {}, “TargetingLogic”: {} }, “Timesteps_Between_Repetitions”: -1 }, “Nodeset_Config”: { “class”: “NodeSetAll” }, “Start_Day”: 1 }

```

malariasimulation¶

• Documentation main page: treatment
• Function: set_clinical_treatment
• Related publications: Okell et al (2014).

```R

set_clinical_treatment <- function(parameters, drug, timesteps, coverages) { stopifnot(all(coverages >= 0) && all(coverages <= 1)) n_drugs <- length(parameters$drug_efficacy) if (drug < 1 | drug > n_drugs) { stop(‘Drug index is invalid, please set drugs using set_drugs’) } drug_index <- which(parameters$clinical_treatment_drugs == drug) if (length(drug_index) == 0) { drug_index <- length(parameters$clinical_treatment_drugs) + 1 } parameters$clinical_treatment_drugs[[drug_index]] <- drug parameters$clinical_treatment_timesteps[[drug_index]] <- timesteps parameters$clinical_treatment_coverages[[drug_index]] <- coverages last_timestep <- max(unlist(parameters$clinical_treatment_timesteps))

for (t in seq(last_timestep)) {
  if (sum(get_treatment_coverages(parameters, t)) > 1) {
    stop('The sum of drug coverages cannot be greater than 1 at any timestep')
  }
}
parameters

}

```

OpenMalaria¶

• Documentation main page:
  • ScenarioHealthSystem
  • ScenarioPharmacology
• Function: set_clinical_treatment
• Related publications: Galactionova et al (2015).

Multiple options for simulating ‘case management’ exist. Below is the implementation as used in MultiMalModPy.

```XML

<ImmediateOutcomes name="example name">
    <drugRegimen firstLine="ACT" inpatient="QN" secondLine="ACT"/>
    <initialACR>
        <ACT value="1.0"/>
        <QN value="1.0"/>
        <selfTreatment value="0.0"/>
    </initialACR>
    <compliance>
        <ACT value="1.00"/>
        <selfTreatment value="1.0"/>
    </compliance>
    <nonCompliersEffective>
        <ACT value="0"/>
        <selfTreatment value="0"/>
    </nonCompliersEffective>
    <treatmentActions> <!-- only from schema 32 -->
        <ACT name="clear blood-stage infections">
            <clearInfections stage="blood" timesteps="1"/>
        </ACT>
        <QN name="clear blood-stage infections">
            <clearInfections stage="blood" timesteps="1"/>
        </QN>
    </treatmentActions>
    <pSeekOfficialCareUncomplicated1 value="0.04"/>
    <pSelfTreatUncomplicated value="0.0"/>
    <pSeekOfficialCareUncomplicated2 value="0.04"/>
    <pSeekOfficialCareSevere value="0.48"/>
</ImmediateOutcomes>

```